Manisha Sahay, My Nest, 6-3-852/A, Ameerpet, Hyderabad - 500 016, Andhra Pradesh, India. Most children with calcium deficiency rickets have normal serum 25-hydroxyVitamin D and high serumĬorresponding Author: Dr. This problem generally does not occur unless calcium intake is very low because vitamin D increases intestinal calcium absorption. Rickets can occur despite adequate vitamin D levels if the calcium intake is very low. The calcium content of common foodstuffs is given in Table 1. In Indian children living in the UK, diets are typically low in calcium and high in phytate. To determine the optimal treatment, the cause needs to be identified.Ĭalcipenic (hypocalcemic) rickets is characterized by deficiency of calcium or more commonly vitamin D. The causes of rickets include conditions that lead to hypocalcemia and/or hypophosphatemia, either isolated or secondary to vitamin D deficiency. This leads to weak bones and bowing over a period of time.
In rickets, the mineralization defect leads to the accumulation of osteoid in the bone tissue below the growth plate (metaphysis). Osteoid is subsequently mineralized by calcium salts. Osteoblasts are bone forming cells which lay down osteoid. There are several types of cells constituting the bone.
Key words: Osteomalacia, rickets, Vitamin D, Vitamin D deficiency, Vitamin D dependent rickets Hypophosphatemic rickets and rickets due to renal tubular acidosis are discussed in other sections of the journal. This chapter highlights rickets/osteomalacia related to vitamin D deficiency or to inherited defects in vitamin D metabolism. In addition, some varieties are due to inherited defects in vitamin D metabolism and are called vitamin D dependent rickets. Non-nutritional causes include hypophosphatemic rickets primarily due to renal phosphate losses and rickets due to renal tubular acidosis. The causes of rickets/osteomalacia are varied and include nutritional deficiency, especially poor dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium. Rickets is an important problem even in countries with adequate sun exposure. Rickets-vitamin D deficiency and dependencyĭepartments of Nephrology and 'Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College and General Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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